响应面法优化超声波辅助提取红曲米中水溶性色素

研究了红曲米中水溶性色素的超声波辅助提取法的提取工艺.在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法研究了超声时间、液料比和超声功率对提取液色价的影响,建立了二次回归模型,得到了提取工艺的最优条件.研究结果表明以上3因素对红曲米中水溶性色素的提取均有显著影响.在提取工艺条件:超声时间为20.6 min,液料比为32.2∶1,超声功率为730 W下提取,红曲米中水溶性色素的色价达到最大值,为570.5 U/g.     

Parametric effects on the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor

The flame-holding mechanism in hypersonic propulsion technology is the most important factor in prolonging the duration time of hypersonic vehicles.The two-dimensional coupled implicit Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,the shear-stress transport k-ω turbulence model and the finite-rate/eddy-dissipation reaction models were used to simulate the combustion flow field of a typical strut-based scramjet combustor.We investigated the effects of the hydrogen-air reaction mechanism and fuel injection temperature and pressure on the parametric distributions in the combustor.The numerical results show qualitative agreement with the experimental data.The hydrogen-air reaction mechanism makes only a slight difference in parametric distributions along the walls of the combustor,and the expansion waves and shock waves exist in the combustor simultaneously.Furthermore,the expansion wave is formed ahead of the shock wave.A transition occurs from the shock wave to the normal shock wave when the injection pressure or temperature increases,and the reaction zone becomes broader.When the injection pressure and temperature both increase,the waves are pushed out of the combustor with subsonic flows.When the waves are generated ahead of the strut,the separation zone is formed in double near the walls of the combustor because of the interaction of the shock wave and the boundary layer.The separation zone becomes smaller and disappears with the disappearance of the shock wave.Because of the horizontal fuel injection,the vorticity is generated near the base face of the strut,and this region is the main origin for turbulent combustion.     

Premixed jet flame characteristics of syngas using OH planar laser induced fluorescence

Lean premixed flame characteristics of several typical low calorific value (LCV) syngases (basis CO/H2/CH4/CO2/N2),including bituminous coal,wood residue,corn core,and wheat straw gasification syngas,were investigated using OH planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology.OH radical distributions within the turbulent flame were measured for different turbulence intensities.Flame structures of syngases were analyzed and characterized with respect to burnt and unburnt regions,flame curvature (sharp cusp),local extinction (holes and penetration),OH reaction layer thickness,wrinkling,and other features,with OH-PLIF instantaneous images and statistical analysis.Results show that H2 content,LCV,and turbulence intensity are the most effective factors influencing the OH radical intensity and thickness of OH radical layers.The bituminous coal gasification syngas with relatively higher LCV and H2 content tends to burn out easily.Through changes in thickness of the OH radical layers and signal intensities,the reaction layer can be compressed by intensifying turbulence and thereby the combustion processes of syngas.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

基于MFA和STIRPAT的定西市物质输入输出及环境压力

运用物质流分析方法,对定西市生态经济系统分析结果表明:在不考虑水的情况下物质输入和输出分别以2.24％和5.68％的速度波动缓慢上升;物质输入上升速度低于物质生产力上升速度和物质利用强度降低速度,单位GDP污染物排放强度以年均6.59％的速度直线下降,可见物质利用效率的提高速度较快,而2004-2008年,物质生产力每...     

支持垂直引导进近的多星座RAIM算法

为了充分利用未来的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)中多星座多频点的卫星信号,使接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)技术能够用于垂直引导进近(APV)飞行阶段,提出了一种基于双星故障假设的多星座RAIM算法。算法将全部可见卫星分为3组,分别计算定位解,对3个分组定位解加权平均作为最终的定位解,通过迭代寻找最优加权因子,使得在满足定位精度要求的前提下极大化算法的可用性。仿真结果表明:该算法能够以100%的可用性支持APV-Ⅰ飞行阶段,以高于99%的可用性支持APV-Ⅱ飞行阶段。     

表面等离子共振检测葡萄糖浓度的数据处理方法

根据表面等离子共振(SPR)检测葡萄糖浓度时信号和噪声的特点,研究了寻找曲线最低点算法和基线动态调整方法等SPR数据后处理方法.采用加权质心法精确地捕获到了表面等离子共振曲线的最低点,采用固定计算点数的动态基线法调整基线位置,消除了基线附近点值的波动对测量结果的影响.模拟仿真及实验验证结果表明,采用固定点数的动态基线法和加权质心法处理SPR数据,能显著提高SPR检测葡萄糖的分辨率,在葡萄糖浓度检测技术中有很好的应用前景.     

基于SPR干涉成像的生物分子相互作用检测方法

蛋白质组学研究和药物开发迫切需要高通量、高精度、无标记且实时检测技术。该文提出了一种基于干涉成像的表面等离子共振（SPR）生物分子相互作用检测方法,在入射光的p和s偏振分量之间分别附加90°和-90°位相差,采集对应的干涉图像,并利用所采集的2帧图像,计算出反映传感面折射率分布的信号。循环采集能够实时获得生物反应进行时...     

常用的基于数据流的测试充分性准则

软件测试所有技术活动的基础,在于测试用例的设计、选择以及评价。如何设计充分的测试集一直是测试人员面对的一个难题。控制流、数据流是分析程序结构的2个主要手段。该文综合介绍了几种在软件单元测试中常用的基于数据流的测试充分性评价准则,如c-use覆盖、p-use覆盖、all-use覆盖、k-dr链覆盖、上下文覆盖等。这些准则适用于用过程式语言、面向对象语言编写的程序。测试人员可用这些准则判断究竟测了多少代码还有多少代码未测到。     

降雨因素对土壤表面结皮发育的影响

为研究降雨因素在土壤表面结皮发育过程中的作用,结合物理模型实验方法和基于物理概念的水文响应数值模拟,以土壤表面的饱和水力传导系数Ks值作为评价指标,研究分析了雨强和累积降雨量两个降雨因素对结皮发育程度的影响。结果显示:Ks值随累积降雨量的增加而减小,且在累积降雨量较小时,Ks的减小速度更快,约为后期速度的23倍;最终累积降雨量近似的情况下,雨强较大时Ks更容易达到一稳定值;在降雨过程中,雨强与Ks的关系前后不一致。研究结果表明:降雨过程中结皮发育是个复杂的动态变化过程。